and it is clear that He exercises His sovereignty not through creational predestination or the sending of the Angels but through appointing a Caliph on the earth; as He has said: ﴿إِنِّي جَاعِلٌ فِي الْأَرْضِ خَلِيفَةً﴾[1]; “Indeed, I am the Appointer of a Caliph on the earth,” and, for example, He appointed Dawud as a Caliph on the earth and said: ﴿يَا دَاوُودُ إِنَّا جَعَلْنَاكَ خَلِيفَةً فِي الْأَرْضِ فَاحْكُمْ بَيْنَ النَّاسِ بِالْحَقِّ وَلَا تَتَّبِعِ الْهَوَى فَيُضِلَّكَ عَنْ سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ﴾[2]; “O Dawud! We appointed you as a Caliph on the earth, so rule rightly among people and do not follow your passions, for they will mislead you from the way of God.” This means that God, as the Ruler of the universe, in a perfectly rational act, exercises His rule through appointing a deputy for Himself; as all intellectuals do the same to exercise their rule, and He is clearly the Creator of intellectuals and their Master; as He has said: ﴿وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾[3]; “And God gives His dominion to whomever He wills, and God is the All-Embracing, the All-Knowing,” and said: ﴿قُلِ اللَّهُمَّ مَالِكَ الْمُلْكِ تُؤْتِي الْمُلْكَ مَنْ تَشَاءُ وَتَنْزِعُ الْمُلْكَ مِمَّنْ تَشَاءُ﴾[4]; “Say: ‘O God! You are the Owner of the dominion! You give the dominion to whomever You will and take the dominion from whomever You will’”; as for example, He gave His government to Talut while the companions of His Prophet were not satisfied with his government and thought that they were more deserving of the government than him; as He has said: ﴿وَقَالَ لَهُمْ نَبِيُّهُمْ إِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ بَعَثَ لَكُمْ طَالُوتَ مَلِكًا ۚ قَالُوا أَنَّى يَكُونُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ عَلَيْنَا وَنَحْنُ أَحَقُّ بِالْمُلْكِ مِنْهُ وَلَمْ يُؤْتَ سَعَةً مِنَ الْمَالِ ۚ قَالَ إِنَّ اللَّهَ اصْطَفَاهُ عَلَيْكُمْ وَزَادَهُ بَسْطَةً فِي الْعِلْمِ وَالْجِسْمِ ۖ وَاللَّهُ يُؤْتِي مُلْكَهُ مَنْ يَشَاءُ ۚ وَاللَّهُ وَاسِعٌ عَلِيمٌ﴾[5]; “And their Prophet said to them: ‘God has appointed Talut as a ruler for you!’ They said: ‘How shall he rule over us, while we are more deserving of the government than him, and he has not been given an abundance of wealth?!’ He said: ‘God has chosen him over you and increased him in knowledge and physical strength, and God gives His dominion to whomever He wills, and God is the All-Embracing, the All-Knowing.’”

This is completely natural and understandable that the government of God is realized if the selection of the ruler is in His hands; because as long as the selection of the ruler is in the hands of others and not in His hands, the government cannot be considered for Him,