and formalized an understanding of it which is in accordance with their desires, and in the meantime, the Ahl al-Hadith have always been at their service like puppet hirelings; because by endorsing and propagating fabricated narrations that, in stark contrast to the Quran, emphasize the obligation of obeying oppressive rulers and maintaining them, they have practically paved the way for strengthening their government and defeating the reformatory movements of Muslims and stopped the poor and the oppressed from rising to achieve their rights. Inevitably, as a result of the efforts of these traitors, the most reckless oppressors have coveted the rule over Muslims and found the opportunity for it as well; to the extent that a man like Yazid ibn Mu‘awiya (d. 64 AH), although he was a fool and openly committed sinful acts, took control over Muslims, set the House of God on fire, and killed the Ahl al-Bayt of the Prophet, and a man like Hajjaj ibn Yusuf (d. 95 AH), although he was a bloodthirsty tyrant, took control over Muslims and beheaded the righteous who did not commit any crime, and a man like Walid ibn Yazid ibn Abd al-Malik (d. 126 AH), although he was known for wickedness and evildoing and even accused of neglecting prayer, took control over Muslims and showed polytheism, and others like them, although there was no disagreement on their being oppressors, each took controls over Muslims, succeeded by the other, and turned the Caliphate of the Prophet into the kingdom of Khosrow and Caesar, while during all this time, the Ahl al-Hadith considered obeying them obligatory and prohibited rising against them in order to prevent fitnah in their supposition, while they were in nothing but fitnah; as God Almighty has said: ﴿وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ يَقُولُ ائْذَنْ لِي وَلَا تَفْتِنِّي ۚ أَلَا فِي الْفِتْنَةِ سَقَطُوا ۗ وَإِنَّ جَهَنَّمَ لَمُحِيطَةٌ بِالْكَافِرِينَ﴾[1]; “And among them are people who say: ‘Give me permission and do not draw me into fitnah!’ Be aware that they have already fallen into fitnah, and indeed, Hell surrounds disbelievers.” In return, oppressive rulers, in appreciation of their historical efforts that have guaranteed the maintenance of their government so far, have always supported them, assigned them to major governmental positions,